The Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences’ Edible Fungi Institute has developed a tunnel fermentation and basket cultivation technology for straw mushrooms based on foreign Agaricus bisporus tunnel fermentation technology, which features good stability, high air permeability, and low pollution rate. Key technical points are as follows:
1. Fermentation TunnelIt is a 45-cubic-meter fiberglass tunnel with internal shelves (with plastic nets and bottom gaps), insulation cotton covering, fans (for oxygen supply), and top air return/exhaust ports. Temperature is controlled via fan inverters for pasteurization and fermentation.
2. Cultivation Material Production- **Formula**: 85% fungus residue/waste cotton, 10% bran, 5% corn flour, plus 2% gypsum and 2% lime (of total amount). - **Process**: Adjust water content to (67±2)%, place in the tunnel. Keep at (70±2)°C for 8 hours (pasteurization to kill microorganisms), cool to (50±2)°C for 24 hours (fermentation for high-temperature microbial reproduction), then cool to 40°C. - **Conditions**: Control fresh air valve (20% during heating, 25%-30% during cooling) and fan frequency (25-35Hz during heating, 30-50Hz during cooling); oxygen concentration ≥10%.
3. DischargingSpread disinfected cultivation material in baskets/bed frames at 50kg/m², with a thickness of 10-13cm.
4. SowingCrush strains, sprinkle at 0.5% of the material amount, flatten to combine strains with the material, and cover with plastic film.
5. SpawningMaintain 35-38°C, CO₂ concentration ≤0.5%, darkness, and air humidity ≥95%. Remove the film after 4-5 days when hyphae cover the medium.
6. WateringWhen hyphae cover the surface, spray water to adjust medium humidity to 65%-67% (replenish ~5kg/m²). Ventilate for 2 hours afterward and reduce surface humidity to avoid nematodes.
7. Inducing BuddingAfter new hyphae appear on the surface, increase ventilation and light, keep air humidity at 90%-95% for 1-3 days. Turn off the light when small white spots appear.
8. FruitingMaintain 27-30°C and 100% humidity. Keep dark in early stages; turn on light and cool slightly when mushrooms reach 2cm wide (to blacken the top). Maturation takes 4-5 days after budding induction.
9. Picking and StorageHarvest when height-width ratio >1 (by rotating the base gently). Store sorted mushrooms in hollow baskets (10-15cm thick) at 15-16°C with humidity <85% for up to 3 days.
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