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Classified according to the treatment of the culture medium:

(1) Fermented Substrate Cultivation: This method involves cultivating edible mushrooms after the culture

 medium has undergone composting and fermentation. Fermented substrate cultivation is a method between 

raw material cultivation and sterilized substrate cultivation, also known as semi-raw material cultivation. 

The advantages of this method are simple operation, labor-saving, and fuel-saving; the disadvantage is 

that the mushrooms are prone to disease and pest infestation in the later stages of fruiting.

(2) Sterilized Substrate Cultivation: This method uses culture medium that has been sterilized by high-pressure

 or atmospheric pressure sterilization to cultivate edible mushrooms. The advantages of this method are high yield, 

good quality, and sustained production; the disadvantages are that it is labor-intensive and fuel-intensive.

(3) Raw Material Cultivation: This method involves cultivating edible mushrooms by directly inoculating the 

culture medium without fermentation or high-temperature sterilization. The advantages of this method are 

simple operation, labor-saving, and fuel-saving, making it easily accepted by mushroom growers; 

the disadvantages are low yield, insufficient sustained production, and a high risk of contamination by 

miscellaneous bacteria, especially in the later stages of fruiting.

(4) Semi-Sterilized Substrate Cultivation for Oyster Mushrooms: This method involves stacking the mixed

 raw materials for 2-3 days, then sterilizing them with 100°C high-temperature steam at atmospheric pressure 

for 2-3 hours to kill most pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs in the culture medium.  The sterilized culture 

medium is then bagged while still hot, cooled, and then inoculated for cultivation.