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Core main ingredients for oyster mushroom cultivation: cottonseed hulls, waste cotton, corn cobs, sawdust, crop stalks, distiller's grains, etc. 

Key criteria: pollution-free, pesticide residues up to national/UN standards, fresh, dry, mold/pest-free, loose.

🔹 Cottonseed HullsBy-product of cottonseed oil processing. Pros: stable quality, loose & well-aerated, high bio-efficiency (150-200%). Ideal traits: grayish-white, low fiber, slightly prickly, rustling. Tips: Avoid high-fiber/old brown ones; mix with ≥15% sawdust/corn cobs (adsorbs toxic gossypol); prevent rodents post-sterilization.

🔹 Waste CottonSource: cotton/textile factories. Pro: high cellulose (92-93%), easy for mycelium decomposition. Challenge: oil causes low oxygen & possible rot. Tips: control water content, avoid compaction; add 10% chopped straw/rice hulls for better permeability.

🔹 Corn CobsPrep: use fresh/mold-free cobs, store whole, crush to soybean size. Pros: spongy tissue (75% water absorption in 1hr, great water retention); boosts substrate porosity for mycelial growth.

Note: Bio-efficiency varies – cottonseed hulls & corn cobs are most ideal; sawdust has lower conversion rate.