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1. Temperature

• Mycelial growth: Suitable temperature 5-35℃, optimal 20-25℃; prone to aging when exceeding 33℃, and not freezing to death at -15℃.

• Fruiting body growth: Suitable temperature 5-25℃, optimal 15-20℃; temperature difference of 8-10℃ promotes primordium formation.

• Special needs: Optimal temperature for spore formation is 12-20℃, and optimal for spore germination is 24-28℃.

2. Moisture and Relative Humidity

• Substrate moisture content: General 60%; cottonseed hulls 65%-68%, corn cobs 60%-65%, sawdust 55%-60%.

• Air humidity: 40%-50% during mycelial stage (prevent miscellaneous bacteria/dehydration); 85%-95% during fruiting body stage (prevent shrinkage/nutrient blockage).

3. Air

• Requires sufficient oxygen and has strong CO₂ tolerance (can still stimulate mycelium when exceeding 1%).

• During fruiting body stage, CO₂ exceeding 0.3% (0.03% in normal air) inhibits growth, easily causing long stipes, small caps or deformities; it is better to control at 0.2% in production, and ventilation should be strengthened in winter.

4. Light

• Mycelial stage: No light required, shading is needed.

• Fruiting body stage: Requires 500-1000 lux diffused light (sufficient to clearly read newspaper text in the shed); insufficient light leads to small caps or no cap formation.

5. pH Value

• Prefers slightly acidic environment, growth range 3-9, optimal 5.5-7.5.

• Tolerant to slightly alkaline environment (can grow at pH 8-9); pH value can be appropriately increased in raw material cultivation.