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1.Raw materials for cultivationMain Carriers (provide structure & carbon) Sawdust (2-3mm:1-2mm:<1mm = 2:4:4) Role: Structure, water retention, porosity. Use:Softwood or broadleaf, low in resin/tannin. Prepare:Weather outdoors for >3 months. Cottonseed Hulls Role:Good water retention.  Caution:May have pesticide residues or release toxic gossypol. Use: If used, add at least 15% sawdust/corncobs. Corncobs (crushed to soybean size) Role:High water absorption, increases porosity. Nutrient Supplements (provide nitrogen & vitamins)** Wheat/Rice Bran (fresh)** Role:Main nitrogen source.   Tip:Rice bran is better nutritionally but spoils quickly.Corn Flour (2%-5%)

Role: Sustained nutrition. Caution:Too much delays fruiting. Additives (for pH & structure) Gypsum (1%-2%):Improves structure, adds calcium. Calcium Carbonate (0.5%-1%):Buffers pH, adds calcium. Lime (1%-2%): Raises pH, prevents contamination. Superphosphate (1%): Adds phosphorus, removes ammonia smell. Important Parameters: Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio:(30~40):1 Optimal pH: 6.0 - 6.5

2. Example Formulas

Formula 1: Cottonseed hulls 35%, wood chips 34%, fine rice bran 12%, bran 12%, corn flour 3%, lime 1%, gypsum 1.5%, light calcium carbonate 1.5%. Formula 2: Corn cobs 35%, wood chips 35%, bran 10%, rice bran 10%, soybean meal 5%, corn flour 4%, light calcium carbonate 1%.